S5 v1: Rewrite it in Rust (Large Grant Proposal)

I would like to see a commitment from S5 on no more BC (backwards compatibility) breaking spec changes, at the application layer, or the networking layer by the end of this grant.

That’s the primary intention of this grant; by the end of this year there will be a complete S5 1.0.0 stable release with no further breaking changes. So all releases after 1.0.0 will be fully backwards compatible with 1.0.0, especially in regard to identifier formats for blobs and directories, as well as all data structures.

And if you are going to go and make changes at the scale discussed, I don’t think there is a point in keeping the websocket interface, as it is tech debt that will be a liability in a year or so.

Unfortunately the WebSocket interface will likely stay around (although using the new p2p protocol) because not all web browsers support WebTransport yet. But it’s only used as a generic transport layer, so it shouldn’t really cause much trouble.

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As I have been working with the current version of s5 for the past couple months, I can say this would be a welcomed update for me. Both having a stable api and better node performance. My app is mobile only so reducing load on the system is rather important.

@redsolver Thanks for your proposal to The Sia Foundation Grants Program.

After review, the committee has decided to approve your proposal. Congratulations! They’re excited to see what you can accomplish with this grant.

We’ll reach out to your provided email address for onboarding. This shouldn’t take long unless your info has changed from last time, but you may still need to adjust your timelines.

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Progress Report (July)

What progress was made on your grant this month?

Continued implementing all the basic S5 specs in Rust:

  • Monorepo for all s5-rs crates: GitHub - s5-dev/s5-rs

  • Added Sia Blob Store, using the new PinnedObject API endpoint to extract the file encryption key (feat: add sia blob store · s5-dev/s5-rs@8903243 · GitHub)

  • Decided to use Iroh for all p2p communication between S5 Nodes, including web browsers, to simplify implementations (see iroh 0.33.0 - Browsers and Discovery and 0-RTT, oh my! - Iroh for Iroh browser support). As such, there’s no need to have a custom WebSocket-based protocol for S5 anymore. S5 will run some public Iroh relay nodes (as mentioned in the grant proposal and budget), to improve connectivity for all users.

  • Tested importing files to the S5 Sia Blob Store from HTTP mirrors using rclone

Prepare to make the RHP4 WASM-based blob proxy ready for production use:

What will you be working on next?

  • Highest priority: Add networking using Iroh for both native and web

  • Implement S5 Registry and Streams protocols, I delayed this until Iroh is added because they will be implemented as Iroh protocols (one Iroh p2p connection can transport any number of protocols in parallel)

  • RHP4 web proxy: add s5 networking using Iroh for dynamic blob location requests, add http streaming support in addition to rhp4 as a fallback for older browsers (and Safari)

  • Make the FS APIs more ergonomic, so developers can just call something like “fs.write(path, bytes)” and having it take care of blob store upload and pinning, instead of having to work with the FS5 directory data structure directly

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Hello,

Thank you for your progress report!

Regards,
Kino on behalf of the Sia Foundation and Grants Committee

Progress Report (August)

What progress was made on your grant this month?

Delayed Milestones

  • The RHP4 proxy is not “production-ready” yet, but all server-side parts are now fully finished and the only thing missing is adding the s5_blobs protocol client to it and making it easier to add the proxy to a custom web app

  • s5-rs is missing complete implementations of the registry, streams, accounts and identity specs. This delay is due to them depending on the Iroh protocol API and networking which I just recently added for the s5_blobs protocol

  • The s3 store is not finished, but due to there being a completely custom one purpose-built for Sia, this is less relevant than initially planned

Adding tests to all crates is planned for the 2025-10-02 milestone, as written in the original grant proposal

What will you be working on next?

  • RHP4 web proxy: add s5 networking using Iroh for dynamic blob location requests, add http streaming support in addition to rhp4 as a fallback for older browsers (and Safari). Make it easy for devs to configure and add to their app. write documentation

  • Implement the missing specs in s5-rs

  • Implement end-to-end-encryption for the S5 file system

  • Add tests to all S5 rust crates

  • Make sure that all parts of the s5.js TypeScript are properly migrated to be compatible with s5-rs and S5 v1

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Hello

Thank you for your progress report!

Regards,
Kino on behalf of the Sia Foundation and Grants Committee

Timeline Update

The “Make the RHP4 WASM-based blob proxy production ready” component has been moved from Milestone #1 to Milestone #4, due on 2025-11-02. The reason for this is that the current implementation based on renterd is in a working MVP state, but the upcoming indexd architecture fits S5 (and many other use cases) significantly better. So it makes more sense to wait until indexd is available for testing, instead of polishing up the current (soon-to-be-deprecated) implementation.

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Progress Report (September)

What progress was made on your grant this month?

Milestone Tasks Progress

Can be validated by running cargo test in the s5_fs subdirectory

Can be validated by running cargo test in the s5_core subdirectory

Other process

Remaining Tasks

  • Migrate the TypeScript library to the new file system

Jules has been busy with migrating most of s5.js to the new CBOR-based directory metadata structures, in October we will work together on upstreaming his changes to the official s5.js repository (see GitHub - julesl23/s5.js: TypeScript/JS Library for S5)

  • specs impl: accounts, identity

instead of implementing a completely custom identity solution, s5 now simply uses iroh ed25519 public keys for node identity and will likely use atproto’s did:plc for public identities covering multiple nodes.

What will you be working on next?

  • Work with Jules on upstreaming his changes to s5.js so they are properly migrated to be compatible with s5-rs and S5 v1

  • Extending the config format to allow configuring trusted third-party nodes and upload+pinning targets

  • Implement Sia RHP4 uploads and downloads in S5 using indexd

  • Make the RHP4 WASM-based blob proxy production ready, so devs can easily use files streamed directly from Sia hosts in their web apps

  • Release a stable v1 version of all S5 libraries and code

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Hello @redsolver,

Thank you for your progress report!

Regards,
Kino on behalf of the Sia Foundation and Grants Committee

Grant Update Proposal

Reasons

  • Remove the indexd-dependent milestone (and one monthly payment) from this grant due to it not being available yet, blocking RHP4 uploads/downloads and the productionization of the WASM blob proxy. I will submit a small, focused grant for indexd integration only once it’s available (target November).

  • Align reporting with the new deadline: progress updates by the 25th each month

  • Clarify validation requirements for milestone completion

Revised milestones

2025-10-25

  • Allow configuring trusted nodes by their ed25519 iroh pubkey and syncing private s5 file systems with them

  • Add a config option for adding s5 nodes who are allowed to upload and pin data to specific blob stores and using that for remote blob upload and sync functionaility

Validation Requirements for Milestone Completion

  • Comprehensive and well-documented Rust test which sets up three S5 nodes (two trusted and one untrusted), configures the untrusted one to allow the other two nodes to upload and pin blobs, creates a directory and a few files on one of the trusted nodes and then correctly syncs it to the second trusted node via the untrusted node (end-to-end-encrypted). This test validates the common use case of users syncing data securely between their devices even if they are not both online at the same time

2025-11-25

  • Stable release of the s5 rust crates

  • Well-documented JavaScript and Dart bindings via UniFFI

  • Vup Web Migration to s5-rust

Validation Requirements for Milestone Completion

  • All s5 rust crates published on crates.io with documentation for all public API methods

  • JavaScript bindings to s5 rust published on npm

  • Dart bindings to s5 rust published on pub.dev

  • Vup Web migrated to s5-rust with the following features working: account creation/login, creating directories, uploading files to remote s5 nodes, downloading files (all end-to-end-encrypted)

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Hi @redsolver - thank you for detailing the changes above. Confirming this means you are okay with receiving your final payment on December 15th with your final report submitted November 25th now instead of October 25th? This will be due to the fact that the final payment for the grant will be issued after the final successful technical review.

I imagine you’ve detailed a slightly longer duration for Milestone #4 (your new final milestone) because the additional time is needed, and there are no issues with that on our side.

Yes, I’m okay with receiving my final payment on December 15th and no payment on November 15th.

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Sorry for the delayed progress report, I’m trying my best to get it out today.

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Hello @redsolver,

Please have your progress report submitted be EOD today.

Regards,
Kino on behalf of the Sia Foundation and Grants Committee

Hi @redsolver - this is the final notice for your October progress report.

If your full and complete report is not posted by 9am ET tomorrow (November 4th), you will have to miss this payment cycle.

Progress Report (October)

I would like to apologize for the delayed report and thank you for your understanding.

Milestone 2025-10-25 completed

Validation: Clone latest repo and run cargo test -p s5_node --test fs_sync_complete

Commits implementing the milestone: Comparing d5566096102f797fe201ffc4df19a3c5814afaf7...857e6e38e617c50f67037945b8cc17b0f41b65e4 · s5-dev/s5-rs · GitHub

Next Up: Working on the 2025-11-25 milestone

Hi @redsolver, this report is greatly lacking in detail and does not follow the Development Guide format.

Please revise the report to match the correct format by 5pm ET.

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Grant Milestone Progress Report (October) [revised]

What progress was made on your grant this month? Summarize your progress into a few sentences or bullet points.

  • Implemented automatic sharding of the S5 file system to more efficiently handle large directory trees
  • Added an option for configuring trusted nodes by their ed25519 iroh pubkey and syncing private s5 file systems with them
  • Added a config option for adding s5 nodes who are allowed to upload and pin data to specific blob stores and using that for remote blob upload and sync
  • For the FS, added snapshot export and merge functionality for syncing plaintext and encrypted directories
  • Implemented a remote blob store client which uses a remote s5 node over iroh as a blob store, but exposes the same API as local blob stores
  • Implemented a comprehensive and well-documented Rust test which sets up three S5 nodes (two trusted and one untrusted), configures the untrusted one to allow the other two nodes to upload and pin blobs, creates a directory and a few files on one of the trusted nodes and then correctly syncs it to the second trusted node via the untrusted node (end-to-end-encrypted). This test validates the common use case of users syncing data securely between their devices even if they are not both online at the same time
Milestone Task Commits Additional Notes
Milestone 2025-10-25: E2EE FS sync over untrusted node Implementation d5566…857e6 Validation: Checkout commit 857e6e3 (as of now same as main) and run cargo test -p s5_node --test fs_sync_complete

What will you be working on next month?

  • Stable release of the s5 rust crates
  • Well-documented JavaScript and Dart bindings via UniFFI
  • Vup Web Migration to s5-rust

Link to an easy to test version or a demo video.

Run the test (which is the validation requirement for this milestone, see the section above):

  1. git clone https://github.com/s5-dev/s5-rs
  2. cd s5-rs
  3. cargo test -p s5_node --test fs_sync_complete
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This month’s review was successful and there is no actionable feedback. The team is looking forward to seeing what you do over the next month!

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